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The logistics performance index of Montenegro is 2.88. It indicates a satisfactory performance - in general, traffic is handeled well, some flaws in certain areas are possible, but overall the logistics system performs reliably and is ready to handle predictable amounts of traffic.
Customs performance is rated at 2.83. It indicates a satisfactory performance - the customs clearance procedure is effective in general, although long time can occasionally be a problem; the customs system certainly does not discourage international business activity; documents and fees needed are usually publicly available.
Infrastructure quality in Montenegro is rated to be at 2.84. It indicates a satisfactory quality - roads, railroad, ports and other facilities are able to handle significant traffic at all times and are also suited to various types of transport vehicles and vessels.
International shipment quality is 3.15. It indicates a satisfactory performance - the services are adequate and the prices are not too high and usually accurately match the quality, although there is still room for improvement.
The competence of logistics service providers is valued at 2.45. The providers are of mediocre competence - they are able to ensure a certain degree of quality in their services, even excelling at times, although generally their performance may still be lacking in many aspects.
Tracking possibilities for shipments are rated at 2.76. It indicates a satisfactory performance - the tracking systems provide all the basic information as well as additional data about shipments; most of the times it also has a weel established cooperation with foreign and international tracking systems, as well as usually provides information in multiple languages.
Tracking possibilities for shipments are rated at 3.19. It indicates a satisfactory performance - most of the shipments arrive timely and within the scheduled time brackets; late arrivals are still possible, although uncommon.
In Montenegro, 100% of the population has access to electricity. Montenegro has 5 airports nationwide. There are 10,088 internet hosts in Montenegro. The number of road motor vehicles per 1000 inhabitants in Montenegro is 26.
Road network The total road length in Montenegro is 7,763 km (4,825 miles). Out of them 0 km (0 miles) of roads are classified as motorways, freeways, or autobahns.
Gas price On average, you would pay 1.6 USD for one liter of gasoline in Montenegro. One liter of diesel would cost 1.06 USD.
The monthly minimum wage in Romania is 481 USD. Romania has a public debt equal to 42.5% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) as measured in 2012. In terms of consumer prices, the inflation rate in Romania is 3.2%. The currency of Romania is the Romanian Leu. The plural form of the word leu in Romanian is lei. The symbol used for this currency is Lei and is abbreviated as RON. The Romanian leu is divided into ban; There are 100 in a leu. Every year, consumers spend around US$101,103 million. The ratio of consumer spending to GDP in Romania is 0.05%, and the ratio of consumer spending to world consumer market is 29.15%. Corporate tax in Romania is 16%. Personal income tax ranges from 16% to 16% depending on your specific situation and income level. VAT in Romania is 19%. Gross domestic product Total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) calculated as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in Romania is US$393,830 billion. The gross domestic product (GDP) calculated as purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita in Romania was last at 20,113,240 US dollars. The PPP in Romania is considered very good compared to other countries. A very good PPP indicates that citizens of this country find it easy to buy local goods. Local goods can include food, shelter, clothing, health care, personal hygiene, essential furnishings, transportation and communications, laundry, and various types of insurance. Countries with very good purchasing power parities are safe locations for investments. The total gross domestic product (GDP) in Romania is 192,094 billion. Based on this statistic, Romania is classified as a medium economy country. Middle economy countries support an average number of industries and investment opportunities. It shouldn't be too difficult to find worthwhile investment opportunities in mid-sized economies. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Romania was last at 9,810,408 US dollars. The average citizen of Romania has a very high level of wealth. Countries with very high per capita wealth have a longer life expectancy and a very high standard of living. There are highly skilled workers in many industries and labor is very expensive in these countries. Very wealthy countries offer safe investment opportunities as they are often backed by a diverse and thriving financial sector. The annual GDP growth rate in Romania in 2014 averaged 2.4%. According to this percentage, Romania is currently experiencing modest growth. Modest growth countries offer safe investment opportunities; Their expanding economy suggests that businesses, jobs and incomes will grow accordingly.
When discussing the biggest companies, it is important to evaluate their assets. Some established public and private companies earn modest sums of money and some generate lots of profit, being able to sustain and support their functioning for long time periods. Such companies sooner or later become financial giants ready to make their influence not only on people involved in their formation, but also on whole nations and countries worldwide.
This is especially true for financial institutions such as commercial banks, investment banks, insurance companies, brokerages, investment companies, savings and loan associations and credit unions. The roles of the mentioned institutions may differ, depending on the purposes for which their services are used. For example, some are suitable for making investments such as term deposits, some are used for signing up for credit cards or getting loans etc. However, because they exist as parts of a wider financial system – on a global scale their international influence and rank may be very high, having a larger purpose in the overall world's economy.
Top biggest banks of China China banks can match these criteria as its plays one of the main roles in worldly economy these days. China's financial institutions are drawing more and more capital which is offering the best return, allocating it efficiently and remaining profitable for a rather long period of time. In other words, this country's banks keep world's economy turning.
There are four biggest financial institutions in China in terms of total assets. They are called the Big Four and serve over 300 million customers across the globe, having 200 to 15000 domestic branches and more than 3000 operating locations across the country while also maintaining offices in other largest capital cities like London, Tokyo, New York, Frankfurt, Seoul, Sydney, San Francisco, Singapore, Taipei and other internationally well-known cities.
The most powerful banking institution in China nowadays is considered to be the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC). It has assets of more than three and a half trillion dollars. The other banks of China included on the list of the Big Four are state-owned commercial banks: China Construction Bank, Bank of China, and Agricultural Bank of China. Forbes mentioned these three institutions as the world's most influential companies in 2015. They dominated the list with 317 other companies which are considered to be 15% of the largest companies worldwide.
China Construction Bank operates in three business segments: treasury operations, personal banking and corporate banking, serving over 340 million corporate and retail customers. Country's government owns 58% of this bank which had assets of CNY 20.5 trillion.
Agricultural Bank of China is considered to be the largest in the country taking into account the amount of total assets based on market capitalization, offering personal banking, wealth management, credit card and foreign exchange services to more than 300 million customers. It was founded in 1951.
Bank of China is even older than the previous bank established in 1912 by the Government, now being world's 9th largest bank by market capitalization. It offers such services as insurance, investment and commercial banking.
The limited liability company in Germany, also known as a limited liability company or simply GmbH, is one of the most common company structures in Germany. It is an extremely flexible structure as it combines numerous legal advantages while having very few limitations. In Germany, the GmbH is subject to corporation tax (KSt), the solidarity surcharge and trade tax.
GmbH can be founded with at least one shareholder, provided that it has a share capital of at least EUR 25,000. The share capital can be deposited in cash, contribution in kind or contribution. As an exception, the shares in the GmbH may neither be sold publicly nor entered on the public stock exchange. The company is managed by the shareholders' meeting. The day-to-day decisions and business are taken care of by the company's board of directors, appointed by resolution of the shareholders' meeting.
GmbH formation procedure in Germany All legal requirements and regulations for the formation of the GmbH are determined by the company law.
Before starting the incorporation process, it is highly recommended to apply for an availability check to check the availability of the company name with the local Chamber of Commerce and Industry department, notarize the company incorporation documents and open a bank account. In this preliminary stage, share capital must be paid into the bank account.
In order to initiate the incorporation process, the following company documents must generally be submitted to the local commercial register authority:
Application for company formation; notarized articles of incorporation; A document stating the Board of Directors and its structure; A document proving that the share capital has been deposited. All documents listed above must be submitted in digital form in accordance with German standards for digital filing and verification. The formation of a newly founded company takes place on the basis of a central electronic platform that is developed and operated by the commercial register of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Trade license and sales tax acquisition The next logical step before starting business is to apply for a business license from the local Economics and Standardization Office, followed by registration with the National Statistics Office (providing all necessary operational, industry and financial information). Data). After that, newly founded GmbHs should also submit and register with the local IHK and the local department of the employment office.
The employment office should hear the case and assign a company an eight-digit number that must be reported to the social welfare office. After all the previous steps have been carried out and completed, the GmbH must submit an application to the federal health insurance fund. In addition, legal notices should be sent to the Central Tax Administration informing about the newly formed company, with all the above points leading to registration for the German corporate tax and sales tax payer number.
After completion of the company formation procedure, the company can finally start its business operations. Because the majority of companies registered in Germany need local employees. Employers are largely offered a well-trained workforce. It is also possible to look for employees at the numerous local recruitment agencies.
Company account opening in Germany If you are not a German resident, even if you are a citizen of another EU member state, there are still certain verification and compliance procedures to open a corporate bank account in Germany. This means that your company is expected to comply with certain legal requirements, such as B. a local tax number, place of residence and some other relevant things.
There are also additional compliance requirements as it can be quite difficult to prove credit history for a newly incorporated company, international invoices can easily cause problems and raise questions meaning most banks will not be willing to take the risks which can lead to the refusal to open a business account.
Such a practice complicates things quite a bit, as smaller traders from other EU member states, small e-commerce traders and all those business people dealing with online marketplace businesses usually struggle to get paid. For example, if you are willing to have an Amazon marketplace connected business account with a German bank, you will most likely need to have a business account with a local German IBAN number in order to receive money, simply for security reasons, which can cause problems.
For many customers, the best practical solution would be to find an online business banking partner that offers a virtual business bank account, such as a B2B Pay. It can be especially useful if you are able to get a multi-currency virtual account, which means you can receive money and store money in multiple different currencies.
An audit is an independent and systematic examination of accounts, books, documents, statutory records and vouchers of a company to ascertain that the financial statements and non-financial disclosures present a fair and true view as well as maintained as required by law. Audits provide an assurance by the third party that the subject matter does not contain a material misstatement. While the term is most frequently used to evaluate the financial information of a legal entity, there are various other areas that are commonly audited: internal controls, secretarial and compliance audit, quality management, water and energy management and conservation as well as project management. As a result, various stakeholders can effectively evaluate and, if necessary, improve the effectiveness of risk management, governance and control processes of the legal entity.
Organization of an audit Most companies receive an audit once a year, while some, usually large corporations, can receive audits even on a monthly basis. Often, audit is a legal requirement in order to eliminate the intentional misstatements of financial information in an attempt to commit fraud. For some companies, especially publicly traded ones, audits are used to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control measurements. During the process of auditing, auditors are required to follow auditing standards set by the government body. The process is usually organized in six steps:
Requesting documents – auditor requests certain documents listed on the preliminary checklist. These documents may include a previous audit report, bank statements, receipts and ledgers as well as organizational charts, bylaws and standing rules and copies of the board and committee minutes. Preparing an audit plan – after the auditor has received all required documents, an audit plan is drafted. During this stage, a risk workshop might be conducted in order to identify possible problems. Scheduling an open meeting – senior management together with key administrative staff are invited to a meeting during which a scope of the audit is explained. Other details, such as time frames, scheduled vacations and interviews with the auditors are discussed. Conducting fieldwork – auditors are speaking with staff members, reviewing processes and procedures, testing compliance with laws and policies, evaluating internal controls as well as discussing possible problems with the organization. Drafting a report – auditor prepares a report with detailed findings of the audit. Such details as posting problems, mathematical errors, payments that are authorized and not paid along with other discrepancies and concerns are listed. Finally, the auditor writes a commentary about the findings of the audit and possible solutions for the found problems. Setting up a closing meeting – management of the audited company discusses the highlighted problems and describes the action plan to address them along with projected completion date. Finally, the management indicates whether it agrees with the problems pointed out by the auditors. It is important to point out that auditors seek to provide only a reasonable assurance that the audited information is free from material error. Which means that they do not check every figure in the financial statements; they also do not look at every transaction that is carried out by the organization. Auditors do not judge the appropriateness of the business activities, strategies or decisions made by the company’s management. Types of auditors There are generally three types of auditors:
Internal auditors – employed by the company for whom they are performing the audit. They provide information to the management of the company about the accuracy of their books and the efficiency of their internal control system. Consultant auditors – performing the same function as internal auditors, but are not employed by the company. External auditors – follow a set of generally accepted set of standards to evaluate the financial reporting and possible misstatements of the company. Legally required audits need to be performed by external auditors.
New Zealand's logistics performance index is 3.64. It indicates satisfactory performance - in general, traffic is handled well, some shortcomings in specific areas are possible, but overall the logistics system is reliable and ready to handle predictable traffic volumes.
Inch performance is rated at 3.92. This indicates good performance - customs clearance is fast and effective, in some cases it may not exist at all (e.g. at the borders of the Schengen area), which encourages international business activity; The required documents and fees are predictable and publicly available and in some cases (mainly related to visas) can be arranged at the customs office.
Infrastructure quality in New Zealand is rated at 3.67. It indicates a satisfactory quality - roads, railways, ports and other facilities are capable of handling significant traffic at any time, and are also suitable for various types of transport vehicles and ships.
The quality of international shipping is 3.67. It indicates satisfactory performance - the services are reasonable and the prices are not too high and usually correspond exactly to the quality, although there is still room for improvement.
The competence of logistics service providers is rated at 3.56. The providers are competent - they ensure a good quality of their services and almost always maintain this level; Deficiencies, while still possible, are usually minor and do not discourage further use by providers.
Tracking options for shipments are rated at 3.33. It indicates satisfactory performance - the tracking systems provide all the basic information, as well as additional data about shipments; Mostly it also has a well-established cooperation with foreign and international tracking systems and usually offers information in several languages.
Tracking options for shipments are rated at 3.72. This indicates satisfactory performance - most shipments arrive on time and within scheduled time frames; late arrivals are still possible, albeit uncommon.
In New Zealand, 100% of the population has access to electricity. New Zealand has 123 airports nationwide. There are 3,026,000 internet hosts in New Zealand. The number of road motor vehicles per 1000 population in New Zealand is 591.
Road network The total road length in New Zealand is 94,160 km (58,521 miles). Of these, 199 km (124 miles) of roads are classified as freeways, dual carriageways, or freeways.
Gas price On average, a liter of petrol costs USD 1.71 in New Zealand. A liter of diesel would cost $0.78.
Italy's logistics performance index is 3.69. It indicates satisfactory performance - in general, traffic is handled well, some shortcomings in certain areas are possible, but overall the logistics system is reliable and ready to handle predictable traffic volumes.
Inch performance is rated at 3.36. This indicates satisfactory performance - the customs clearance procedure is generally effective, although a long time can occasionally be a problem; the customs system certainly does not discourage international business activities; required documents and fees are generally publicly available.
The infrastructure quality in Italy is rated at 3.78. It indicates good quality - roads, railways, ports and other facilities are adapted and regularly maintained to be able to handle high traffic at all times, and most likely there are special facilities to deal with high-intensity and/or special traffic or vehicles ( e.g. highways a.k.a. freeways and deep-water ports).
International shipping quality is 3.54. It indicates satisfactory performance - the services are reasonable and the prices are not too high and usually correspond exactly to the quality, although there is still room for improvement.
The competence of logistics service providers is rated at 3.62. The providers are competent - they ensure a good quality of their services and almost always maintain this level; Deficiencies, while still possible, are usually minor and do not discourage further use by providers.
Tracking options for shipments are rated at 3.84. This indicates good performance – the tracking systems provide detailed and up-to-date information on most shipment parameters, often crossing national (both political and linguistic) barriers and can be qualified as international tracking systems.
Tracking options for shipments are rated 4.05. This indicates good performance - shipments almost always arrive within scheduled time frames and often faster than expected.
In Italy, 100% of the population has access to electricity. Italy has 129 airports nationwide. There are 25,662,000 internet hosts in Italy.
Road network The total road length in Italy is 487,700 km (303,108 miles). Of these, 6,758 km (4,200 miles) of roads are classified as freeways, dual carriageways, or freeways.
Gas price On average, a liter of petrol costs USD 2.14 in Italy. A liter of diesel would cost $1.48.
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13.01.2024 15:16